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History of the Militia and the National Guard (Macmillan Wars of the United States) [Oct 01, 1983] Mahon, John K. ...
- Sales Rank: #2062610 in Books
- Published on: 1983-10
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Binding: Hardcover
- 374 pages
Most helpful customer reviews
9 of 10 people found the following review helpful.
An Overview of Military Politics
By Acute Observer
History of the Militia and National Guard, John K. Mahon
John K. Mahon was a professor at the University of Florida and a historian for the US Army. This book tells how the US turned citizens into temporary soldiers in time of war. The term `militia' applies to the state connected units. The militia was composed of able-bodied males in an area, and used for defense (p.1). [No mention of the many Indian wars from the 17th century?] Chapter 1 is "The English Background". Fear of a military dictatorship or an absolute monarch led to Parliamentary control of citizen-soldiers. ["Renaissance thought" on page 12 must be a reference to Machiavelli.] John Trenchard and William Blackstone explained the virtues of the militia (p.13). Chapter 2 tells about the "Militia in the Colonies" for citizen soldiers. The French, the Dutch, and the Spanish had similar systems. There were constant wars with the Indians (p.22) and conflicts with the Royal Governors (p.23). The Glorious Revolution of 1688 showed how a sovereign could be overthrown. The various wars are explained. The colonies learned how to cooperate with each other (p.30).
Chapter 3 deals with "The American Revolution". Purging the militia of Tory officers was the first step to revolution (p.35). The First Continental Congress (Sept 5 to Oct 25, 1774) recommended strengthening the militia. [There is a mistake on page 36. Mahon writes that the militia "stood in the way of the British march toward Concord". A more reliable account says they were drilling on the village green and neither blocked or threatened the British troops; their officers later denied giving the order to attack the militia (James Galvin "The Minute Men".] The militia, ordinary citizens, controlled communities for the patriotic cause; provided large numbers of armed men for brief periods on short notice; provided enough men to win the war (p.44). There were superior to British regulars (p.43), but varied in number and quality (p.44). They defeated Burgoyne in 1777 to bring an alliance with the French (p.40). The French Army and Navy helped to defeat Cornwallis and won the Revolutionary War (p.41).
Chapter 4 tells of the military campaigns from 1781 to the War of 1812. The military was to be decentralized. "They confirmed the right of the people to keep and bear arms" (p.53). The War of 1812 is described in Chapter 5. The militia system promoted leaders because of its democratic politics (p.75), such as Andrew Jackson (p.77). Chapter 6 tells of the various militias, volunteers, and Indian Wars in the decade before the Civil War. Only 11 pages were used for the "Civil War" in Chapter 7! Few expected a long war ((p.98). The politics of Reconstruction are in Chapter 8. The War with Spain is covered in Chapter 9. There was conflict between the citizen-soldiers and the regulars (p.130). The Federal Government decided to adopt the command systems of European powers (Chapter 10). [Royalist governments?" The men in the National Guard elected their officers (p.142). This was a constitutional check against an over-developed army and militarism (p.144). The NRA advocated aimed fire (p.146). The National Defense Act of 1916 increased Federal power over the National Guard (p.148).
Chapter 11 describes the National Guard and the National Army during World War I. Did the Army attempt to destroy the identity of the Guard units (p.158)? Regular officers were preferred over experienced National Guard officers (p.163). Choctaw soldiers were used for unbreakable communications (p.165). Chapter 12 tells about the inter-war years. Membership in the Guard varied with economics (p.195). They were used in "industrial conflict" (p.176). The army operated the CCC (p.177). The first peacetime draft started (p.179). Chapter 13 covers World War II in 13 pages! You won't read about these events in schoolbooks (pp.189-192). Chapter 14 tells of the post-war politics over the military organizations. Chapter 15 tells about the politics and conflicts during the Eisenhower years. The Turbulent 1960s are in Chapter 16. Chapter 17 tells about the politics of the 1970s. One regular soldier costs as much as 13 Guardsmen (p.256). Conflicts between the National Guard and the Defense Dept. continued (p.257). The Guard replaced striking firemen, police, and prison guards (p.258). Also relief and rescue work in disasters. Chapter 18 has a summary of this book; it should be read first as an overview. The last paragraph is important (p.267).
9 of 21 people found the following review helpful.
Author misrepresents what militia is
By Jon Roland
This treatise has one fundamental flaw, a misrepresentation of what the
term "militia" means. The authors equate it with an organized body
initiated and commanded by state government officials, but if that is
what the word means to them, it is not what the word meant to the
Founders. The term is from Latin, and it translates as "defense
activity". In the idiom of the era, a word for an activity could also be
used to refer to those engaged in that activity, and that usage is the
source of the confusion here.
There is also a misrepresentation of the meaning of the word "state",
which, when used in the context of the Constitution, does not mean the
government of the state, but the people of the state, whether they acted
through a government or not. When the Founders referred to a state
government, they used the term "state legislature".
The authors are correct in their thesis that the right to arms is tied
closely to the duty of militia. However, they commit a logical error in
concluding that if the duty is being neglected, the right disappears.
The duty is indeed being neglected, but the duty continues, a duty that
arises out of the social contract that created the society and the
natural rights and duties of mutual defense of rights that are the terms
of the social contract.
The duty, and the right to perform that duty, continues, regardless of
whether it is being actively performed or not. In fact, it is being
performed by millions of civilians every day, in thousands of ways.
Every time anyone reports a crime, conducts his own criminal
investigation, or makes a civilian arrest, that is militia. Any time
anyone defends himself or another from injury, that is militia. Any time
anyone asks others to join him in defending the community from any
threat, that is a militia call-up. We are all militia, when we engage in
militia, even when we act alone. There is no need for initiation or
leadership by some official. Of course, sheriffs are supposed to be the
militia commanders of their counties, and constables militia commanders
of their wards or precincts, but if they neglect to perform that duty,
the duty falls upon anyone present who is aware of a threat requiring
defensive action, or preparation for such defense.
[...]
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